What is the ominous octet in diabetes?
What is the ominous octet in diabetes?
In his 2008 Banting lecture to the American Diabetes Association 68th Scientific Sessions, Prof Ralph DeFronzo proposed an “ominous octet” of eight factors that contributed to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: decreased insulin secretion, decreased incretin effect, increased lipolysis, increased glucose …
What are the pharmacologic treatments for diabetes mellitus?
Treatment options are divided into noninsulin therapies—insulin sensitizers, secretagogues, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretins, pramlintide, bromocriptine, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors—and insulin therapies (insulin and insulin analogues).
What are major drugs in diabetes and its mechanism of action?
Insulin and amylin both work to decrease glucose levels and inhibit glucagon while glucagon acts on the liver to raise glucose levels.
What are the 2 main classifications of diabetes mellitus?
The vast majority of diabetic patients are classified into one of two broad categories: type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is caused by an absolute or near absolute deficiency of insulin, or type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by the presence of insulin resistance with an inadequate compensatory increase in …
What is a DPP 4 inhibitor in diabetes?
DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of prescription medicines that are used with diet and exercise to control high blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. Medicines in the DPP-4 inhibitor class include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin.
What is non pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus?
Nonpharmacologic approaches include a low-calorie diet, weight loss and regular vigorous exercise. Pharmacologic approaches include the use of metformin (Glucophage) and troglitazone (Rezulin).
What are non pharmacological treatments?
Definitions: Non-pharmacological therapies (non-medication treatments): Referring to therapies that do not involve drugs. Non-opioid pharmacological treatments (medication treatments): Referring to non-opioid pain medications.
What is the mechanism of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate.
Which of the following is drug for diabetes mellitus?
Insulin. Insulin is the most common type of medication used in type 1 diabetes treatment.