What is urolithiasis in ruminants?
What is urolithiasis in ruminants?
Urolithiasis — the formation of “stones” or concretions of mucus, protein, and minerals in the urinary tract — is a common problem in male small ruminants and a frustrating one for owners and veterinarians.
How do you treat urolithiasis in dogs?
Thiazide diuretics may reduce calcium excretion in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis; therefore, hydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg PO q12h) is the drug of choice. Potassium citrate is also commonly used to increase urine pH, potentially increasing urine citrate excretion (citrate is an inhibitor of CaOx precipitation).
What is feline urolithiasis?
Feline uroliths form in the urinary bladder (most commonly) or renal pelvis. They are most commonly found in the urinary bladder and urethra but may also be located in the kidneys and ureters. Urolithiasis may affect as many as 25% of cats with lower urinary tract disease. 1.
How do you treat urolithiasis in goats?
Treatment. Treatment goals for ruminants with urolithiasis are to establish urethral patency, provide analgesia, correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, decrease urethral inflammation, and prevent infection. Catheterization and retropulsion is a mainstay of treatment for obstructive urolithiasis in many species.
What causes urolithiasis in cats?
Struvite uroliths in cats may be associated with UTI, especially when caused by bacteria that produce urease, such as Staphylococcus and Proteus species. In such cases, urease increases the ammonium concentration in urine, resulting in an increase in urine pH and a change in the ionization state of phosphorus.
What foods cause kidney stones in dogs?
Dogs diagnosed with calcium oxalate stones should avoid calcium supplements unless specifically advised by your veterinarian. They should not be fed high oxalate foods such as nuts, rhubarb, beets, green beans, and spinach.
How do you treat urolithiasis in sheep?
Treatment may require urethral catheterization, surgical correction, and supportive care. Prevention may require increasing urine output, adjusting urine pH, and dietary changes to minimize urolith formation.
What are the symptoms of urolithiasis in dogs?
However, be aware that many pets with urolithiasis display no symptoms. Symptoms are commonly the result of inflammation or infection of the urinary tract, and the resultant pain and swelling. Watch out for any of the following:
What are the most common urolithiasis in small animals?
Urolithiasis in Small Animals 1 Urethral Obstruction: Urethral obstruction is common in male dogs and cats. 2 Canine Urolithiasis. The most common canine uroliths are magnesium ammonium phosphate, calcium oxalate,… 3 Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease. Hematuria, pollakiuria, and stranguria are…
What is urolithiasis in goats?
Urolithiasis is a disease in which small calculi (often called ‘stones’ or ‘crystals’) form in the urinary tract and is likely linked to or certainly effected by diet. The goat urinary tract consists of 2 kidneys, the ureters, a bladder and urethra, along which urine flows during urination.
What does urolithiasis look like in male ruminants?
Male ruminants with urolithiasis will often have dried crystals around the urethral process (see diagram) or in the hair surrounding the prepuce, which will be dry due to an obstruction ( Hallowell and Potter, 2016 ).