What do u mean by macrolides?
What do u mean by macrolides?
Macrolides are a class of antibiotic that includes erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. They are useful in treating respiratory, skin, soft tissue, sexually transmitted, H. pylori and atypical mycobacterial infections.
What are Ketolides used for?
Ketolides (telithromycin) are derivatives of erythromycin A specifically designed for activity against bacteria responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Telithromycin is a 14-membered macrolide with a 3-keto group substitution.
What are some examples of macrolides?
Five macrolide antibiotics are currently available for use in the United States: erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, fidaxomicin and telithromycin, the latter being a related ketolide.
What is the macrolide ring?
The macrolides are a class of natural products that consist of a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products.
What is the difference between macrolides and aminoglycosides?
The majority of antibiotics target intracellular biochemical pathways in bacteria. For example, aminoglycosides prevent protein translation, macrolides inhibit protein synthesis, and fluoroquinolones target DNA replication [3].
What is the action of macrolides?
The mechanism of action of macrolides revolves around their ability to bind the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit causing the cessation of bacterial protein synthesis.
What is the difference between macrolides and ketolides?
The feature that distinguishes the ketolides from the macrolides is the presence of a 3-keto function in place of the L-cladinose moiety. This sugar residue had previously been thought to be essential for the antimicrobial activity of erythromycin.
Are ketolides broad spectrum?
They are semi-synthetic antibiotics derived from erythromycin (macrolide antibiotic) and the changes give ketolides a broader spectrum of activity.
Are macrolides sulfa drugs?
Zithromax and Bactrim belong to different antibiotic drug classes. Zithromax is a macrolide antibiotic and Bactrim is a combination of a sulfonamide antibiotic (a “sulfa” drug) and a folic acid inhibitor.
Is vancomycin an aminoglycoside?
Another useful attribute of aminoglycosides is their synergism with antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, such as β-lactams and vancomycin. Finally, aminoglycosides have relatively predictable pharmacokinetic characteristics that allow them to be dosed to minimize their inherent toxicities.
What class is macrolides?
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics derived from Saccharopolyspora erythraea (originally called Streptomyces erythreus), a type of soil-borne bacteria. Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by reversibly binding to the P site of the 50S unit of the ribosome.